Gedenken an einen der „Baumeister“ von Salzburg
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SALZBURG (eds / 16.1.2017) / Am 16. Jänner 1617 - also vor 400 Jahren - starb der bedeutende Salzburger Fürsterzbischof Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau auf der Festung Hohensalzburg. Er war einer der bedeutendsten Kirchenfürsten in der reichen Salzburger Geschichte, der mit der Umgestaltung zur Barockstadt das Aussehen der Residenzstadt Salzburg nachhaltig geprägt hat.
Wolf Dietrich kam am 26. März 1559 auf Schloss Hofen bei Lochau in Vorarlberg als Sohn der begüterten Familie Reichenau zur Welt. Er studierte in Pavia und Rom und wurde bereits mit 28 Jahren zum Fürsterzbischof gewählt. In seine Regierungszeit (1587–1612) fiel die Ansiedlung verschiedener Orden in Salzburg, etwa der Kapuziner und Augustiner-Eremiten. Er verlegte die Hinrichtungsstätte von Schallmoos in den Süden der Stadt.
Am nachhaltigsten ist aber sicherlich seine Bautätigkeit, vor allem in der Stadt Salzburg. Durch den Abbruch weiter Teile der mittelalterlichen Stadt konnten Plätze um den Dom (Residenz- und Mozartplatz) angelegt und größere Gebäude errichtet werden. Er ließ die Alte Residenz umbauen und veranlasste die Erbauung der Neuen Residenz, des Schlosses Altenau (Schloss Mirabell) und des Hofmarstalls (Festspielhaus). Nach dem Dombrand 1598 legte er den Grundstein für den Bau eines neuen Doms, der allerdings nicht realisiert sondern von seinem Nachfolger neu begonnen wurde.
Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau war sehr gebildet und trat für die katholische Erneuerung ein. Gleichzeitig war er launisch und führte ein prunkvolles höfisches Leben. Seine Regierungszeit war von etlichen Konflikten geprägt. Wegen des Salzbergbaus wurde das Fürsterzbistum 1611 in eine bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung mit Bayern verwickelt in dessen Folge er in Kärnten gefangengenommen wurde. Er resignierte und sein Nachfolger Markus Sittikus von Hohenems hielt ihn auf der Festung Hohensalzburg gefangen, wo er am 16. Jänner 1617 verstarb und in seinem eigenen Mausoleum (Gabrielskapelle) auf dem Sebastiansfriedhof begraben wurde.
Die Erzdiözese Salzburg gedenkt im Rahmen einer kleinen Gedenkveranstaltung im Mausoleum am 16. Jänner um 15:00 an den 400. Todestag von Wolf Dietrich.
Grafik: Archiv der Erzdiözese Salzburg
